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Spanish grammar lessons › Level B1 › Spanish reflexive verbs

Becoming: ponerse, volverse, hacerse, quedarse

Spanish has no single verb for 'become'. Choose by the kind of change.

Part of the free B1 Spanish course. Press the speaker next to an example to hear it.

English uses become, get, go and turn for changes: get nervous, go red, become a doctor, go mad. Spanish chooses a verb according to what kind of change it is. All of them are reflexive (me pongo, te vuelves, se hace), like the verbs in Reflexive verbs for the daily routine (levantarse).

Ponerse + adjective: a quick, temporary change

Mood, appearance or health that changes suddenly and usually doesn't last.

  • Me puse muy nervioso antes de la entrevista.I got very nervous before the interview.
  • Cuando la vio, Daniel se puso rojo.When he saw her, Daniel went red.

Typical: ponerse nervioso, contento, triste, rojo, pálido, enfermo, serio.

Volverse + adjective: a deep change in character

A change in personality or nature, often gradual or unexpected, and often negative.

  • Con los años, mi abuelo se volvió muy desconfiado.Over the years, my grandfather became very distrustful.

Typical: volverse loco, egoísta, desconfiado, más tranquilo.

Hacerse + noun or adjective: a change through effort or a process

Professions, beliefs, wealth, and natural processes such as getting older or later.

  • Mi prima se hizo enfermera después de la pandemia.My cousin became a nurse after the pandemic.
  • Se hicieron ricos vendiendo muebles por internet.They got rich selling furniture online.
  • Se está haciendo tarde.It's getting late.

Typical: hacerse médico, rico, famoso, vegetariano, mayor, amigo de alguien.

Quedarse + adjective: the result of something that happened

A state you end up in after an event, very often a loss.

  • Mi tío se quedó sin trabajo el año pasado.My uncle lost his job last year.
  • Nos quedamos muy sorprendidos con la noticia.We were really surprised by the news.

Typical: quedarse ciego, sordo, viudo, calvo, embarazada, solo, dormido, sin dinero, en blanco.

Convertirse en and llegar a ser

  • Convertirse en + noun: one thing turns into another.
  • Llegar a ser + noun: reach a position after a long process.
  • El pueblo se convirtió en un destino turístico.The village turned into a tourist destination.
  • Después de años de esfuerzo, llegó a ser directora del hospital.After years of hard work, she became director of the hospital.

Quick guide

ChangeVerb
sudden mood or lookponerse
personalityvolverse
job, belief, efforthacerse
result of an eventquedarse
transformation into somethingconvertirse en
reaching a high positionllegar a ser

Many changes also have their own verb: enfadarse (get angry; enojarse in Latin America), cansarse, aburrirse, emocionarse, enamorarse.

Common mistakes

  • Me hice nervioso: a sudden mood is me puse nervioso.
  • Se puso médico: a profession is se hizo médico.
  • Se volvió en una ciudad grande: with a noun, use se convirtió en.
  • Llegué cansado for "I got tired": that means "I arrived tired". Say me cansé.
  • Forgetting the reflexive pronoun: Puso rojo → Se puso rojo.

Practice

  1. Cuando el profesor me hizo una pregunta, _____ rojo.
    When the teacher asked me a question, I went red.
    Options: me puse · me hice · me volví · me quedé
    Show the answer

    me puse — A sudden change in appearance: ponerse.

  2. Después de estudiar Derecho, Lucas _____ abogado.
    After studying law, Lucas became a lawyer.
    Options: se hizo · se puso · se quedó · se volvió
    Show the answer

    se hizo — A profession reached by effort: hacerse.

  3. Mi abuela _____ (quedarse) viuda muy joven.
    My grandmother was widowed very young.
    Show the answer

    se quedó — The result of an event: quedarse.

  4. Desde que ganó la lotería, Jorge _____ muy arrogante.
    Since he won the lottery, Jorge has become very arrogant.
    Options: se ha vuelto · se ha quedado · se ha convertido · se ha llegado
    Show the answer

    se ha vuelto — A change in personality: volverse.

In the app, this lesson is taught one idea at a time with the examples read aloud, followed by questions that explain the rule when you get one wrong. It then comes back for review on later days, until you've answered it correctly on three separate days.