Spanish grammar lessons, from A0 to C2
Read any of the 158 Spanish lessons here for free. Each explains one point of grammar with examples from Spain and notes on Latin American usage, then gives practice questions. The app teaches the same lessons in short steps with audio and brings them back for review.
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Good places to start
- A0 · The five vowels
- A0 · Ser: soy, eres, es…
- A0 · Articles: el, la, los, las; un, una, unos, unas
- A1 · Present tense of -ar verbs (hablar)
- A1 · Ser or estar: the core contrast
- A1 · Gustar: me gusta / me gustan
- A2 · Preterite or imperfect (first contrast)
- A2 · Two pronouns together: me lo, se lo
- B1 · The present subjunctive: forms
- B1 · Por and para in full
- B2 · Hypotheses: si tuviera, iría
- C1 · Register: formal, neutral and colloquial versions of the same message
- C2 · Regional variation: voseo, ustedes, seseo and ceceo, vocabulary
Every lesson, level by level
A0 · 22 lessons
The free A0 Spanish course: what you'll learn and be able to do
- The five vowels
- Letters that surprise English speakers
- Word stress, written accents, ¿ and ¡
- Greetings and polite words
- Introducing yourself
- Subject pronouns: yo, tú, él, ella…
- Tú or usted; vosotros or ustedes
- Ser: soy, eres, es…
- Nationalities and languages
- Masculine and feminine nouns
- Articles: el, la, los, las; un, una, unos, unas
- Making plurals: -s, -es, z → ces
- Numbers 0–20 and phone numbers
- Tener: having things, family and age (tengo veinte años)
- Estar: how you are and where things are
- Hay: there is, there are
- Adjectives agree and usually follow the noun
- Colours and agreement
- mi, tu, su: my, your, his/her/your
- No before the verb
- ¿Qué?, ¿Dónde?, ¿Cómo?; yes/no questions
- No entiendo, ¿Puede repetir?, ¿Cómo se dice…?
A1 · 38 lessons
The free A1 Spanish course: what you'll learn and be able to do
- Present tense of -ar verbs (hablar)
- Present tense of -er and -ir verbs (comer, vivir)
- Ser or estar: the core contrast
- Ir and ir a + infinitive (plans)
- Stem-changing verbs e → ie (querer, empezar)
- Stem-changing verbs o → ue, u → ue (poder, jugar)
- Stem-changing verbs e → i (pedir, repetir)
- Irregular yo forms: hago, pongo, salgo, traigo, conozco
- Tener, venir, decir: irregular in two ways
- Gustar: me gusta / me gustan
- Reflexive verbs for the daily routine (levantarse)
- Querer, poder, necesitar + infinitive
- Obligation: tener que, hay que
- Saber or conocer
- Estar + gerund: what is happening now
- Tener hambre, sed, frío, calor, prisa, miedo, razón, sueño
- The weather: hace calor, llueve, está nublado
- lo, la, los, las: the first object pronouns
- me, te, le, nos, os, les with gustar and dar
- The personal a: Veo a María
- a + el = al, de + el = del
- Where things are: en, encima de, debajo de, al lado de, entre, cerca de
- este, ese, aquel: this, that, that over there
- Possessive adjectives: mi, tu, su, nuestro, vuestro
- Muy or mucho; poco, bastante, demasiado
- más … que, menos … que, tan … como
- Shortened adjectives: buen, mal, gran, primer
- nada, nadie, nunca: the double negative
- también and tampoco; a mí también / a mí tampoco
- Every question word: qué, cuál, quién, cuánto, por qué…
- ¿Qué? or ¿Cuál?
- Numbers 21–100
- Hundreds, thousands and prices
- Telling the time: es la una, son las dos y media
- Days, months and dates
- Frequency: siempre, a menudo, a veces, nunca
- Ordering in a café or restaurant
- Linking words: y/e, o/u, pero, porque
A2 · 30 lessons
The free A2 Spanish course: what you'll learn and be able to do
- Preterite of regular verbs
- Irregular preterites: ser/ir, tener, estar, hacer, poder, poner, venir
- Preterite stem and spelling changes: pidió, durmió, busqué, leyó
- The imperfect: forms and uses
- Preterite or imperfect (first contrast)
- The present perfect (he hablado) and when Spain uses it
- Irregular participles: hecho, dicho, visto, escrito, puesto
- Verbs like gustar: encantar, interesar, doler, molestar, parecer
- Reflexive or not: ir/irse, dormir/dormirse, llamar/llamarse
- acabar de, volver a, soler, empezar a + infinitive
- How long: hace … que, desde hace, llevar + gerund
- Affirmative commands with tú
- Adjectives that change meaning with ser and estar
- Direct object pronouns in full
- Indirect object pronouns and redundant le
- Two pronouns together: me lo, se lo
- Where pronouns go: before the verb, or attached
- Possessive pronouns: el mío, la tuya, los suyos
- Relative que and donde
- Something and nothing: algo, alguien, algún and their negatives
- Por and para: the first uses
- a, en, de, desde, hasta with movement and transport
- Superlatives and -ísimo
- mejor, peor, mayor, menor
- Adverbs in -mente
- Impersonal se: se habla español, se dice
- Ordinal numbers: primero, segundo…
- pedir or preguntar; other tricky pairs (llevar/traer)
- ¡Qué …!, ¡Cuánto …!, ¡Vaya!
- Sequencing a story: primero, luego, después, al final
B1 · 26 lessons
The free B1 Spanish course: what you'll learn and be able to do
- The simple future (hablaré) and irregular stems
- The future for guesses: Serán las diez
- The conditional: politeness, advice, hypotheses
- The present subjunctive: forms
- Irregular present subjunctives
- The subjunctive for wishes and requests: quiero que, ojalá
- The subjunctive after feelings: me alegra que, siento que
- Doubt and denial: no creo que vs creo que
- es importante que, es verdad que
- Cuando + subjunctive for the future
- Commands with usted and ustedes
- Negative commands (no hables) and vosotros commands
- Commands with pronouns: dímelo, no me lo digas
- The pluperfect: había hablado
- Narrating the past: all three past tenses together
- Verbs that change meaning in the preterite: supe, conocí, quise, pude
- Por and para in full
- el que, la que, lo que, quien
- The passive: ser + participle and the passive se
- Reporting what someone said: dijo que…
- Becoming: ponerse, volverse, hacerse, quedarse
- Accidents with se: se me olvidó, se me cayó
- pero, sino, sino que
- aunque, sin embargo, por eso, así que, además
- Diminutives and augmentatives: -ito, -illo, -ón
- Everyday idioms: tomar el pelo, estar hecho polvo, ponerse las pilas
B2 · 20 lessons
The free B2 Spanish course: what you'll learn and be able to do
- The imperfect subjunctive: -ra and -se forms
- Which subjunctive? Sequence of tenses
- Hypotheses: si tuviera, iría
- The perfect subjunctive: haya hecho
- Past hypotheses: si hubiera sabido, habría venido
- Future and conditional perfect, including guesses about the past
- Subjunctive in relative clauses: busco a alguien que sepa
- para que, antes de que, sin que, a menos que, con tal de que
- aunque + indicative or subjunctive
- como si + imperfect subjunctive
- Reported speech in full: questions, commands, tense shifts
- Relatives with prepositions: en el que, con quien, cuyo, lo cual
- Impersonal constructions: se, uno, the third person plural
- Neuter lo: lo bueno, lo + adjective + que
- Verbs with fixed prepositions: acordarse de, pensar en, soñar con
- Arguing: no obstante, por lo tanto, dado que, en cambio
- Ser and estar: nuance, results and set phrases
- Infinitive or gerund: al llegar, de haberlo sabido
- Word formation: nouns from verbs and adjectives (-ción, -miento, -dad)
- Idioms and set phrases for B2
C1 · 12 lessons
The free C1 Spanish course: what you'll learn and be able to do
- Fine mood contrasts: el hecho de que, que yo sepa, digan lo que digan
- Conditions beyond si: siempre que, en caso de que, a no ser que, de no ser por
- Aspect in periphrases: llevar, acabar por, venir a, andar + gerund
- Emphasis: es ahí donde, lo que más me molesta es
- Discourse markers: o sea, es decir, de hecho, a fin de cuentas
- Register: formal, neutral and colloquial versions of the same message
- Leísmo, laísmo, loísmo: Spain's variation and the norm
- Colloquial Spain Spanish (vale, mola, tío, venga) and Latin American equivalents
- Hedging and stance: cabe señalar, al parecer, en cierto modo
- Expressive negation: ni siquiera, en absoluto, no … sino, apenas
- The future subjunctive in legal texts and set phrases (sea lo que fuere)
- Refranes and how they are used
C2 · 10 lessons
The free C2 Spanish course: what you'll learn and be able to do
- Word order, topic and focus: A Juan no lo he visto
- Literary tenses: pretérito anterior, -se subjunctive, historic present
- Irony, understatement and implicature: no está nada mal
- Academic, legal and administrative Spanish
- Regional variation: voseo, ustedes, seseo and ceceo, vocabulary
- deber vs deber de, haber de, tener que: modal nuance
- Precise prepositions: en/a, de/desde, contra, ante, tras, so
- Wordplay, double meanings and humour
- Cohesion in long texts: anaphora, ellipsis, connectors
- False friends and fine word choice: actual, embarazada, sensible, éxito