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Spanish grammar lessons › Level A2 › Por vs para

Por and para: the first uses

Two words for English 'for': para looks ahead to a goal, por looks back to a cause or moves through.

Part of the free A2 Spanish course. Press the speaker next to an example to hear it.

English uses for in many situations. Spanish splits them between two prepositions (small linking words like in, on, for): por and para. This lesson gives you the most frequent uses of each. The full picture comes later in Por and para in full.

A useful image: para points forward, towards a goal, a destination or a person who receives something. Por points back to a cause, or describes a path through something.

Para: purpose, destination, recipient, deadline

Purpose. Para + infinitive (the basic -ar, -er, -ir form of the verb) means in order to. English often just says to.

  • Estudio español para trabajar en México.I'm studying Spanish to work in Mexico.
  • Me levanto temprano para ir al gimnasio.I get up early to go to the gym.

Destination. Where someone or something is heading.

  • Mañana salimos para Valencia.Tomorrow we leave for Valencia.

Recipient. Who something is for.

  • Este regalo es para ti.This present is for you.

Deadline. A point in time something must be ready by.

  • Tengo que terminar el informe para el jueves.I have to finish the report by Thursday.

Opinion. Para mí means in my opinion, as far as I'm concerned.

  • Para mí, esta playa es la mejor.For me, this beach is the best one.

Por: cause, through, means, time of day, exchange, rate

Cause or reason. Because of. It is related to por qué (why) and porque (because), see Every question word: qué, cuál, quién, cuánto, por qué… and Linking words: y/e, o/u, pero, porque.

  • Cerraron el colegio por la nieve.They closed the school because of the snow.
  • Gracias por la invitación.Thanks for the invitation.

Through, along, around. Movement through a place, without a fixed end point.

  • Me gusta pasear por el río.I like walking along the river.

Means. How you communicate or send something.

  • Te mando las fotos por correo electrónico.I'll send you the photos by email.

Part of the day. Por la mañana, por la tarde, por la noche.

  • Trabajo por la mañana y estudio por la tarde.I work in the morning and study in the afternoon.

Exchange and price. What you pay or give for something.

  • Compré estos zapatos por cuarenta euros.I bought these shoes for forty euros.

Rate. Per: dos veces por semana, cien kilómetros por hora.

ParaPor
purpose: para aprendercause: por la lluvia
destination: para Madridthrough: por el parque
recipient: para timeans: por teléfono
deadline: para el lunestime of day: por la tarde
opinion: para míprice: por diez euros

Ask yourself: is it a goal ahead (para) or a reason, path or exchange (por)?

Latin America

The uses above are the same everywhere. For parts of the day, many Latin Americans also say en la mañana, en la tarde, and in Argentina and Uruguay a la mañana. In Spain say por la mañana.

Common mistakes

  • Gracias para todo → Gracias por todo. You thank someone because of something, so por.
  • Estudio por aprobar → Estudio para aprobar. Purpose (in order to) is para.
  • Vivo aquí por dos años → Vivo aquí desde hace dos años. Don't translate for + a length of time with por, see How long: hace … que, desde hace, llevar + gerund.
  • Te llamo para teléfono → Te llamo por teléfono. Means of communication take por.
  • ¿Para qué no vienes? → ¿Por qué no vienes? Por qué asks for a reason; para qué asks "what for?".

Practice

  1. Estas flores son _____ tu madre.
    These flowers are for your mother.
    Options: para · por · de · a
    Show the answer

    para — Recipient: para.

  2. Muchas gracias _____ el regalo.
    Options: por · para · de · a
    Show the answer

    por — You give thanks because of something: gracias por.

  3. Ahorro dinero _____ comprar un coche.
    I'm saving money to buy a car.
    Show the answer

    para — Purpose (in order to) + infinitive: para.

  4. Dimos un paseo _____ el centro.
    We went for a walk around the centre.
    Options: por · para · a · de
    Show the answer

    por — Movement through or around a place: por.

In the app, this lesson is taught one idea at a time with the examples read aloud, followed by questions that explain the rule when you get one wrong. It then comes back for review on later days, until you've answered it correctly on three separate days.