Nicht or kein: German negation, explained
German has two main ways to say “not”. Kein negates a noun that would otherwise have ein or no article: Ich habe kein Auto. Nicht negates everything else: a verb, an adjective, a noun with der, die or das.
Where nicht goes depends on what it negates, which takes a little practice: usually near the end, but before the part it's negating.
The essentials
- Kein replaces ein or no article and takes ein's endings: Ich habe keinen Hund, keine Zeit, kein Geld.
- Nicht for verbs, adjectives and nouns with der, die, das: Ich komme nicht. Das ist nicht teuer. Das ist nicht der Bus nach Köln.
- Nicht usually comes before adjectives, place phrases and the end of the verb bracket: Ich habe ihn nicht gesehen.
- To answer yes to a negative question, use doch: Kommst du nicht mit? Doch!
- Nicht …, sondern … corrects: Das ist nicht mein Buch, sondern deins.
Every lesson on this topic
Each lesson has a full explanation, examples you can listen to, and exercises with answers.
A0 (the A0 course)
- nicht or kein?: kein negates nouns; nicht negates everything else
A1 (the A1 course)
- Where nicht goes: nicht mehr, noch nicht, nie: The position of nicht, and not any more, not yet, no more and never
C1 (the C1 course)
- Negation in nuance: keineswegs, nicht einmal, kaum, weder … noch: Strong and weak negation, 'not even', 'hardly', 'neither … nor', and understatement through double negation.
In the app, these lessons are taught one idea at a time with audio, practised with questions that explain the rule when you slip, and brought back for review on later days.
Other topics
- The four German cases, explained
- Der, die, das: German gender and articles, explained
- German word order, explained
- German adjective endings, explained
- German prepositions and their cases, explained
- German past tenses: Perfekt and Präteritum, explained
- German modal verbs, explained
- German separable verbs, explained
- German conjunctions and subordinate clauses, explained
- German relative clauses, explained
- Konjunktiv II: würde, hätte, wäre, explained
- Konjunktiv I and reported speech, explained
- The German passive, explained
- Du or Sie, and German pronouns, explained
- German modal particles: doch, mal, ja, eben, explained
- German pronunciation and spelling, explained