The German passive, explained
The German passive puts the action first and the doer in the background: Das Haus wird gebaut. It's formed with werden and a past participle at the end.
German also has a passive for the result of an action, made with sein: Das Fenster ist geöffnet. And formal German often avoids the passive altogether with man, sich lassen or -bar.
The essentials
- Present: Die Briefe werden sortiert. Past: Die Briefe wurden sortiert.
- Perfekt with sein and worden, not geworden: Die Briefe sind sortiert worden.
- The doer, if named, comes with von: Das Buch wurde von einer Studentin geschrieben.
- With a modal verb: Das muss heute erledigt werden.
- The state passive with sein describes the result: Die Tür wird geschlossen (someone is closing it) / Die Tür ist geschlossen (it's closed).
Every lesson on this topic
Each lesson has a full explanation, examples you can listen to, and exercises with answers.
B1 (the B1 course)
- The passive: wird gebaut, wurde gebaut: Focus on what happens, not who does it: werden + Partizip II, with von for the doer.
- The passive with modal verbs and in the Perfekt: muss repariert werden, ist gebaut worden: the passive in more tenses.
B2 (the B2 course)
- Alternatives to the passive: man, sich lassen, sein + zu, -bar: Say what is done, can be done or must be done without werden: man, sich lassen, sein + zu and adjectives in -bar and -lich.
- The state passive: Die Tür ist geschlossen: Tell the action (wird geschlossen) from the resulting state (ist geschlossen) and use sein + participle for states.
C1 (the C1 course)
- The impersonal passive and passive with dative verbs: Passives without a subject (Hier wird nicht geraucht), Mir wurde geholfen, and the bekommen passive.
In the app, these lessons are taught one idea at a time with audio, practised with questions that explain the rule when you slip, and brought back for review on later days.
Other topics
- The four German cases, explained
- Der, die, das: German gender and articles, explained
- German word order, explained
- German adjective endings, explained
- German prepositions and their cases, explained
- German past tenses: Perfekt and Präteritum, explained
- German modal verbs, explained
- German separable verbs, explained
- German conjunctions and subordinate clauses, explained
- German relative clauses, explained
- Konjunktiv II: würde, hätte, wäre, explained
- Konjunktiv I and reported speech, explained
- Du or Sie, and German pronouns, explained
- Nicht or kein: German negation, explained
- German modal particles: doch, mal, ja, eben, explained
- German pronunciation and spelling, explained