Konjunktiv II: würde, hätte, wäre, explained
The Konjunktiv II is the German mood for anything unreal or hypothetical, and for politeness. It's what English does with “would”, “could” and “if I were”.
Most verbs use würde + infinitive. A few very common verbs have their own forms, which you'll use every day: wäre, hätte, könnte, müsste, sollte.
The essentials
- Polite requests: Könnten Sie mir helfen? Ich hätte gern ein Wasser.
- Wishes: Ich wäre jetzt gern am Meer. Wenn ich nur mehr Zeit hätte!
- Unreal conditions: Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich mitkommen.
- Advice: Du solltest mehr schlafen. An deiner Stelle würde ich das nicht machen.
- The past: Wenn ich das gewusst hätte, wäre ich früher gekommen.
Every lesson on this topic
Each lesson has a full explanation, examples you can listen to, and exercises with answers.
A2 (the A2 course)
- Polite requests: Könnten Sie…?, Ich hätte gern…, Würden Sie…?: Use könnte, hätte, wäre, würde and dürfte to ask for things politely.
B1 (the B1 course)
- Konjunktiv II: wishes and unreal conditions: wenn ich… wäre, hätte, würde: talk about what isn't true but could be, and give advice.
- Konjunktiv II in the past: hätte gemacht, wäre gegangen: Talk about what would have happened, and express regrets: I should have…, if only I had…
B2 (the B2 course)
- als ob and als: acting as if: Describe how something seems with als ob / als wenn + Konjunktiv II (verb at the end) or als + Konjunktiv II (verb straight after als).
C2 (the C2 course)
- Konjunktiv II for hedging, irony and politeness: How hätte, wäre, würde and dürfte soften requests, hedge claims, mark something as done, or carry irony.
In the app, these lessons are taught one idea at a time with audio, practised with questions that explain the rule when you slip, and brought back for review on later days.
Other topics
- The four German cases, explained
- Der, die, das: German gender and articles, explained
- German word order, explained
- German adjective endings, explained
- German prepositions and their cases, explained
- German past tenses: Perfekt and Präteritum, explained
- German modal verbs, explained
- German separable verbs, explained
- German conjunctions and subordinate clauses, explained
- German relative clauses, explained
- Konjunktiv I and reported speech, explained
- The German passive, explained
- Du or Sie, and German pronouns, explained
- Nicht or kein: German negation, explained
- German modal particles: doch, mal, ja, eben, explained
- German pronunciation and spelling, explained